requestId:687938d64c39f9.61888724.
Adventure of Wang Chuanshan’s Zetian Thoughts
Author: Yu Zhongle (School of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2024 Issue 6
Abstract: Zetian Thought occupies the main position in Chuanshan’s thoughts in their late years. Regarding the disadvantage of Zhang Shu’s “responsibility to limit the sky”, Chuanshan’s emphasis on receiving and combining the “expert learning” includes both the borrowing of the traditional Chinese “study of man” and the cancellation of the “crystal ball universe system” brought by the Oriental Jesus, in order to find a solid “scientific” foundation for the construction of the Heavenly Thought. On this basis, Chuanshan’s creative nature highlights the meaning of “earth” in the heavenly thinking, and thus forms a new form of fantasy of “heaven-earth-man”. This new form has a strong influence on the proof of the main philosophical subjects such as “the unity of the universe”, “half-seeing”, and “confidant”.
Keywords: Wang Chuanshan Zhitian Crystal Ball Universe System Earth
Using the “more than ten years after 60 years” as the standard for Wang Chuanshan’s twilight years①, we will find that the word “Zhitian” was contemplating the work “Book of ChangesPurchase a monthly priceExternal Translation” appears only once, and it has received a large-scale discussion in later thought works, focusing on “The Explanation of the Brahma”, “The Annotation of Zhang Zi”, “The Annotation of Zhang Zi”, “The Internal Translation of Chu Zi”, and “Thinking Questions”. Considering that these works have been written within about five years, it seems that the thought of Zhitian is the main idea of Chuanshan’s self-construction and concentrated construction in his short-term life. Regarding Chuanshan’s thoughts on heaven, the academic world does not pay much attention to it, so this article is tried to master it in depth.
1. “If you don’t make any mistakes, you can limit the sky”
Chunshan has made a remark on Zhang Shuo, and he put forward a disagreement in the annotation of “Zhengmeng·References to the Two Chapters”: “The only thing that is suspicious in the book “Zhengmeng” is suspicious, and those who are good at reading can keep it for discussion.” ③ This attitude is extremely rare for Chunshan, which is based on the study of yinqu. The reason is that the two have a difference in the specific understanding of “Zhengmeng”.
For the sake of understanding, first give a brief introduction to the “Zhitian Sayings” shared by Zhang and Wang. The saying of Zetian is the main geography of China’s modern exploration of the Liuhe structure. In general, the following characteristics of Tiantian: (1) The sky and the earth are circular; (2) The sky is small, and the sky wraps the earth; (3) Water and air are the root of the Liuhe Constant itself and the regular movement; (4) The sky is half revolving on the ground and half lying on the ground; (5) The sky is like a car turning, and there is no end at all. This cosmic model that uses the earth as the middle to measure the “celestial sphere” is better suited for the calculation of geographical phenomena, and has occupied a long-term position in the history of modern geography., so Zhang and Wang will definitely be affected by this.
Zhang’s geographical thinking is concentrated in “Zhengmeng·Reference Two”, which can be described as two categories: cosmic structure theory and celestial movement theory.
First discuss the structure of the universe, Zhang Shu believed that the common body of Liuhe is “the earth is purely condensed in the middle, and the sky floats and radiates outside”. This undoubtedly implies its acceptance of the large framework of the celestial world, so Chuanshan directly commented as “the body of the celestial world”. Next, Zhang Xu divided the cosmic celestial areas that can be observed into the “pure system in the sky” star system and the “pure system in the earth” seven political systems. The natural importance of this dual system is affected by the “floating sun” of the sky and the “pure solar” of the earth. This shows that both stars and the seven political systems are integrated into the principle of yin and yang. The universe structure model proposed by Zhang Xu is innovative, so Chuanshan commented: “By the stars belong to the sky and the seven politics belong to the land, which is the creation of Zhang Zi.” (“Banshan’s Complete Book” No. 12, Page 48)
Conversation againInclusive celestial movement discussions, Zhang Shu’s celestial movement discussions cover the left rotation of the celestial body, the non-stealing of the star, the “anti-right” of the seven political politics, the solar lunar eclipse, the left rotation of the earth, and the rise and fall of the earth. Zhang Xiu clearly stated that “the sky rotates left and right, and those in it are smooth, and the little noise will turn back to the right.” That is, the left rotation is the general principle of cosmic movement, and the celestial sphere, stars, the seven kingdoms and the big land under the feet are all beyond the limit, and the “anti-right” is only formed by the difference in the left rotation speed of the astrology. To advance to the ground, the “Anti-Rightist” will not appear in the star system, because the star “is purely connected to the sky”, which can be relatively quiet with the “celestial ball”; it will only appear in the seven-political system of the sun, moon and five stars, and its roots are based on the “seven-political nature”: “The moon is solemn, which is opposite to the yang, so its right is the fastest… The fire is also of the yin quality, which is the yang. However, its atmosphere is smaller than the sun, so it is twice as fast as the sun.” Here, Zhang used the principle of yin and yang to specify the five stars of the sun and the moon, and introduced the concepts of yin quality, yin essence, yang quality and yang essence through the two standards of “element” and “quality”, and applied the yin and yang movement rules, which further refinedly explained the problem of the difference between the speed and sprint of the sun and the moon. Similarly, solar lunar eclipse is also the physical manifestation of the yin-yang principle and influence mechanism. Zhang Chuan pushed the “Daily quality is the yin, the moon quality is the yang, so when I see the international essence and soul reciprocity, the light is the food.” The sun is the yang essence and the moon is the yin essence. The essence of the sun is “the light of the sun”, and its essence is “the essence of the sun”; the month博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博博� On the first day, if the sun is blocked by the moon, the moon soul will intersect with the sun, which will lead to sun eclipse; if the sun is buried in the “sun essence” of the sun, then the “sun essence” will intersect with the moon, which will form a lunar eclipse. Regarding the human body’s large landto nourish the conditions, Zhang Xu proposed two ideas: “the earth has its own left rotation” and “the earth has its ups and downs”. Night phenomena such as “stars are faint”, “sun and moon are not rising” in the field are formed by the left rotation of the earth’s axles. In this regard, Yang Lihua believes that the left-handed axle of the earth’s atmosphere is not different from the celestial circle. (1) As for the four-hour change of “the cold and cold season of the first year”, the theory of “the earth has rise and fall” needs to be explained to the point where the yin and yang are exposed. The cause of winter is that the earth’s sun is leaking out and the earth’s three bodies fall, causing it to be far away from the sun; the cause of summer is the opposite.
From the above, Zhang Xu unites all things in the universe with the atmosphere, and yang and yang are the inherent principles of the gas and movement, thus forming a very innovative understanding of the universe structure and its movement methods.
In the comments of “Two Chapters”, Chuanshan inherited the “Zhitian” thinking conditions, but there were more than 20 clear rebukes or doubts about its specific situation. Due to space limitations, it is only in the main point. First, it will be a constant reaction to the stars. The non-stealth of stars is the main point of Zhang Xingtian’s movement. In this regard, ChuanshanBaoqing believes that it is inappropriate: “Stars are the stars of the three walls and twenty-eight constellations. This statement is unmoving, and it is said that their left-turning is the heavenly body. However, it is not understood by the Douyin point of view.” (Synonyms above, page 47) Star TC:
